Multifunctional Two-Dimensional Bi₂Se₃ nanodisks as a Non-Inflammatory photothermal agent for glioma treatment

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has gained widespread attention due to its significant advantages, such as noninvasiveness and ability to perform laser localization. However, PTT usually reaches temperatures exceeding 50 °C, which causes tumor coagulation necrosis and unfavorable inflammatory reactions, ultimately decreasing its efficacy. In this study, multifunctional two-dimensional Bi₂Se₃ nanodisks were synthesized as noninflammatory photothermal agents for glioma therapy. The Bi₂Se₃ nanodisks showed high photothermal stability and biocompatibility and no apparent toxicology. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the Bi₂Se₃ nanodisks effectively ablated gliomas at relatively low concentrations and inhibited tumor proliferation and migration. Moreover, the multienzymatic activity of the Bi₂Se₃ nanodisks inhibited the PTT-induced inflammatory response through their high ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Finally, the Bi₂Se₃ nanodisks demonstrated computed tomography capabilities for integrating diagnosis and treatment. These findings suggest that multifunctional Bi₂Se₃ nanodisk nanozymes can enable more effective cancer therapy and noninflammatory PTT.