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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the immune microenvironment landscape of osteosarcoma before and after chemotherapy

  • 0Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Heliyon +

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February 9, 2024

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February 9, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chemotherapy alters the osteosarcoma tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This study reveals chemotherapy impacts immune cell composition, potentially enhancing anti-tumor immunity in osteosarcoma patients.

Area Of Science

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Genomics

Background

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) treatment relies heavily on chemotherapy, but its effects on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) are not well understood.
  • Understanding TIME modulation is crucial for improving OS therapeutic strategies.

Purpose Of The Study

  • To investigate the impact of chemotherapy on immune cell composition within the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment.
  • To characterize chemotherapy-induced changes in immune cell populations and their functional implications.

Main Methods

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on chemotherapy-naive OS tissues.
  • Analysis was integrated with a public dataset of post-chemotherapy OS tissues (GSE152048).
  • Immune cells (CD45+ cells) were clustered and annotated to assess changes in composition and gene expression.

Main Results

  • Chemotherapy led to decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs) and activated CD8 T cells, but increased CD8 effector T cells.
  • Significant alterations in B cell populations were observed, including increased plasma cells and decreased naive B cells, with upregulated B cell receptor expression.
  • Macrophage M2 polarization was suppressed post-chemotherapy, suggesting a shift towards an anti-tumor immune profile.

Conclusions

  • Chemotherapy significantly remodels the osteosarcoma TIME, inducing immune heterogeneity.
  • These changes indicate chemotherapy may enhance anti-tumor properties by modulating immune cell populations and functions.

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