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Delimiting MOGAD as a disease entity using translational imaging
Frederike Cosima Oertel1,2,3, Maria Hastermann1,2, Friedemann Paul1,2,3
1Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
The first formal consensus diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) were recently proposed. Yet, the distinction of MOGAD-defining characteristics from characteristics of its important differential diagnoses such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is still obstructed. In preclinical research, MOG antibody-based animal models were used for decades to derive knowledge about MS. In clinical research, people with MOGAD have been combined into cohorts with other diagnoses. Thus, it remains unclear to which extent the generated knowledge is specifically applicable to MOGAD. Translational research can contribute to identifying MOGAD characteristic features by establishing imaging methods and outcome parameters on proven pathophysiological grounds. This article reviews suitable animal models for translational MOGAD research and the current state and prospect of translational imaging in MOGAD.
Insights
Newly proposed diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) require further research. Translational studies using animal models and advanced imaging are crucial to differentiate MOGAD from multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Neurology
- Translational Research
Background:
- Formal diagnostic criteria for MOGAD are recent, but distinguishing it from MS and NMOSD remains challenging.
- Historically, MOGAD research has been conflated with MS and other conditions, limiting specific knowledge.
- Translational research is essential to identify MOGAD-specific features based on pathophysiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review animal models suitable for translational MOGAD research.
- To assess the current status and future prospects of translational imaging in MOGAD.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on MOGAD, MS, and NMOSD.
- Analysis of preclinical animal models for MOGAD.
- Evaluation of translational imaging techniques and their application to MOGAD.
Main Results:
- The article identifies key animal models relevant for studying MOGAD.
- It discusses the potential of various imaging methods for MOGAD research.
- Challenges in differentiating MOGAD from other demyelinating diseases are highlighted.
Conclusions:
- Translational research, particularly using animal models and advanced imaging, is vital for characterizing MOGAD.
- Establishing MOGAD-specific imaging biomarkers is a critical future direction.
- Clarifying MOGAD's unique features will improve diagnosis and treatment.
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