Delimiting MOGAD as a disease entity using translational imaging

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Neurology
• Translational Research

Background:

• Formal diagnostic criteria for MOGAD are recent, but distinguishing it from MS and NMOSD remains challenging.
• Historically, MOGAD research has been conflated with MS and other conditions, limiting specific knowledge.
• Translational research is essential to identify MOGAD-specific features based on pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review animal models suitable for translational MOGAD research.
• To assess the current status and future prospects of translational imaging in MOGAD.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on MOGAD, MS, and NMOSD.
• Analysis of preclinical animal models for MOGAD.
• Evaluation of translational imaging techniques and their application to MOGAD.

Main Results:

• The article identifies key animal models relevant for studying MOGAD.
• It discusses the potential of various imaging methods for MOGAD research.
• Challenges in differentiating MOGAD from other demyelinating diseases are highlighted.

Conclusions:

• Translational research, particularly using animal models and advanced imaging, is vital for characterizing MOGAD.
• Establishing MOGAD-specific imaging biomarkers is a critical future direction.
• Clarifying MOGAD's unique features will improve diagnosis and treatment.