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Gaze Patterns of Normal and Microtia Ears Pre- and Post-Reconstruction.

Steven Losorelli¹, Julia K Chang², Kay W Chang¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.

The Laryngoscope

|February 9, 2024

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The human ear is a key facial feature that draws significant visual attention. Gaze patterns differ for microtia ears, both before and after reconstructive surgery, with the concha being the most observed part.

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Plastic Surgery
Ophthalmology

Background:

The human face is rich in visual information, with specific features attracting varying degrees of attention.
Understanding attentional preferences is crucial for reconstructive surgery outcomes, particularly for conditions like microtia.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate visual attention patterns directed towards normal and microtia ears using eye-tracking technology.
To compare gaze preferences for pre- and post-reconstruction microtia ears against normal ears.

Main Methods:

Utilized eye-tracking technology to record gaze preferences in 71 participants viewing images of individuals with unilateral microtia.
Presented participants with profile and frontal views of faces, including isolated normal, microtia, and reconstructed microtia ears.

Keywords:

ear ear reconstruction eye tracking facial landmarks gaze pattern microtia surgical planning

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Measured total fixation time on predefined areas of interest (AOIs) and employed inferential statistics to analyze differences.

Main Results:

The ear garnered the most visual attention in lateral facial views, surpassing the eyes, nose, and mouth.
In frontal views, reconstructed microtia ears received less attention than normal ears (p < 0.001).
The concha was the most attended auricular subunit for both normal and reconstructed ears, though scars on reconstructed ears altered visual scanpaths.

Conclusions:

The ear serves as a significant landmark for attentional gaze on the face.
Attentional gaze patterns for microtia ears, pre- and post-reconstruction, diverge from those of normal ears.
Attentional gaze analysis offers an objective method to identify key elements for reconstructive surgery.