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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
Published on: September 20, 2018
Congenital malformations of the female genital organs
Wiktoria Klimanek1, Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop2
1Clinical Department of Gynecology, Obsterics and Subdepartment of Oncological Gynecology, Independent Public Health Care, Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland, Poland. wklimanek@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Congenital malformations of the female genital organs are rare anomalies and their incidence is estimated to be up to 7% in the general population. Müllerian ducts abnormalities are one of the causes of infertility and occur in approximately 16% of women with recurrent miscarriages. Sex development disorders are diagnosed at different stages of the patient's life depending on the accompanying ailments. Alarming signs of genital malformations include primary amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and periodic abdominal pain.
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