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A Systematic Review on the Genetic Contribution to Tinnitus
Patricia Perez-Carpena1,2,3, Jose A Lopez-Escamez4,5,6, Álvaro Gallego-Martinez7,8
1Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. percarpena@ugr.es.
Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO
|February 9, 2024
Summary
Genetic factors contribute to tinnitus, with population-specific effects observed in European and Asian ancestries. Common variants link to noise-induced tinnitus, while rare variants may influence severe tinnitus, though their precise roles require further study.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Audiology
- Investigating the genetic underpinnings of tinnitus and its associated hearing conditions.
Background:
- Tinnitus, a prevalent auditory symptom, has an estimated prevalence of 26.3%, with 20% experiencing it as bothersome.
- Population-specific variations in tinnitus prevalence exist, with higher rates noted in individuals of white ancestry.
Approach:
- A systematic review and quality assessment of 31 studies, encompassing 383,063 participants, were conducted.
- Data from 14 epidemiological and 17 genetic association studies were analyzed to identify genetic variants and genes implicated in tinnitus development.
Key Points:
- Two common variants (rs2846071; rs4149577) in the TNFRSF1A gene were identified and replicated in the Chinese population, specifically associated with noise-induced tinnitus.
- Gene burden analyses in severe tinnitus patients revealed ANK2, AKAP9, and TSC2 as significant genes in Spanish and Swede cohorts.
Conclusions:
- The genetic contribution to tinnitus is emerging, demonstrating population-specific influences in European and Asian populations.
- While common variants are linked to noise-induced tinnitus and rare variants to severe cases, their functional impact on hearing or hyperacusis remains to be elucidated.
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