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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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Thermal Damage in Orthopaedics.

Andrea N Rowland1, Oluwatodimu R Raji, David B Nelles

  • 1From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco Orthopaedic Residency Program (Rowland, and Kondrashov), the Biomechanical Lab, The Taylor Collaboration (Raji), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Mary's Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (Nelles, and Kondrashov), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (Jang).

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|February 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding thermal damage in orthopaedic surgery is crucial for minimizing iatrogenic injuries and utilizing heat and cold therapeutically. This knowledge bridges preclinical research and clinical practice for safer patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Tissue Mechanics

Background:

  • Thermal damage is a significant concern in orthopaedic surgery, arising from various surgical techniques.
  • Both heat generation and cooling have therapeutic potential but also pose risks of iatrogenic injury.
  • Understanding tissue thermal tolerance is vital for safe surgical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the preclinical mechanisms of thermal damage in orthopaedic surgery.
  • To highlight the dual nature of thermal effects (therapeutic vs. damaging) in orthopaedic procedures.
  • To emphasize the importance of temperature modulation in orthopaedic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical mechanisms of thermal damage.
  • Analysis of heat generation and cooling effects in orthopaedic contexts.
  • Examination of tissue temperature tolerances.

Main Results:

  • Orthopaedic techniques like burring, drilling, cementation, and electrocautery are common sources of thermal damage.
  • Improper use of heat or cold can lead to severe tissue damage.
  • Knowledge of temperature alteration potential and tissue tolerance is imperative.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of thermal damage mechanisms is essential for both preventing iatrogenic injuries and harnessing thermal effects therapeutically in orthopaedics.
  • Thermal considerations are directly relevant across all subspecialties of orthopaedic surgery.
  • Bridging preclinical understanding with clinical application of thermal principles enhances patient safety and surgical efficacy.