Tranexamic acid reduces inflammation, edema and burn wound conversion in a rodent model

Burn wound conversion is the observed process where superficial partial thickness burns convert into deep partial or full thickness burn injuries. This conversion process often involves surgical excision to achieve timely wound healing. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of this phenomenon is multifactorial and poorly understood. Thus, a therapeutic intervention that may prevent secondary progression and cell death in burn-injured tissue is desirable. Recent work by our group and others has established that tranexamic acid (TXA) has significant anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its well-known anti-fibrinolytic effects. This study investigates TXA as a novel therapeutic treatment to mitigate burn wound conversion and reduce systemic inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a hot comb burn contact injury. A subset of animals underwent a similar comb burn with an adjacent 30%TBSA contact injury. The interspaces represent the ischemic zones simulating the zone of stasis. The treatment group received injections of TXA (100 mg/kg) immediately after injury and once daily until euthanasia. Animals were harvested for analyses at 6 h and 7 days after injury. Full-thickness biopsies from the ischemic zones and lung tissue were assessed with established histological techniques. Plasma was collected for measurement of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and liver samples were used to study inflammatory cytokines expression. Treatment with TXA was associated with reduced burn wound conversion and decreased burn-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Lung inflammation and capillary leak were also significantly reduced in TXA treated animals. Future research will elucidate the underlying anti-inflammatory properties of TXA responsible for these findings.