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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
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Endogenous cannabinoids in the piriform cortex tune olfactory perception.

Geoffrey Terral1,2, Evan Harrell1, Gabriel Lepousez3

  • 1Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.

Nature Communications
|February 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blocking cannabinoid-type-1 receptors (CB1Rs) in the olfactory cortex enhances gamma oscillations and reduces synchronized neuronal events, improving odor detection. This suggests endocannabinoids normally dampen sensory sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory System
  • Receptor Signaling

Background:

  • Sensory perception relies on external stimuli and internal brain network dynamics.
  • Desynchronized neural states in sensory cortex correlate with improved stimulus detection.
  • Cannabinoid-type-1 receptors (CB1Rs) modulate network activity but their role in olfactory processing is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of CB1Rs in the anterior piriform cortex (aPC) network activity.
  • Determine how CB1Rs influence olfactory perception and odor detection thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Pharmacological blockade of CB1Rs in freely moving male mice.
  • Multi-electrode recordings and fiber photometry in the aPC.
  • Behavioral testing of olfactory detection thresholds.

Main Results:

  • Systemic and local CB1R blockade increased gamma oscillations amplitude in the aPC.
  • CB1R blockade reduced synchronized population events of aPC excitatory neurons.
  • Blocking CB1Rs decreased correlations among aPC neurons and lowered olfactory detection thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • Endogenous endocannabinoid signaling via CB1Rs promotes synchronized network events in the aPC.
  • CB1R activity dampens gamma oscillations, potentially reducing sensitivity to sensory input.
  • CB1R modulation offers a potential target for enhancing olfactory perception.