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Uncommon Blepharitis.

Antonio Di Zazzo1, Giuseppe Giannaccare2, Edoardo Villani3

  • 1Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Blepharitis, an eyelid inflammation, has complex causes and various treatments. Some systemic therapies can cause blepharitis, requiring careful patient monitoring and further research.

Keywords:
TNF-α inhibitorsanterior blepharitisblepharitisblepharitis treatmentbortezomibcetuximabdupilumabmeibomian gland dysfunctionposterior blepharitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Blepharitis is a common chronic eyelid margin inflammation with complex, not fully understood pathophysiology.
  • It is classified into anterior (eyelash inflammation) and posterior (meibomian gland dysfunction) types.
  • Diagnosis is based on clinical findings such as eyelid debris, vascular changes, and meibomian gland dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of blepharitis.
  • To highlight blepharitis as a potential side effect of systemic therapies.
  • To emphasize the need for monitoring patients on specific systemic treatments and for further research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of blepharitis pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of reported cases of blepharitis associated with systemic therapies.
  • Discussion of current management strategies and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Blepharitis presents as anterior or posterior types, diagnosed clinically.
  • Standard treatments include lid hygiene, antimicrobials, corticosteroids, and omega-3 supplements.
  • Systemic therapies like chemotherapy, bortezomib, cetuximab, TNFα inhibitors, and dupilumab have been associated with blepharitis as a side effect.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and management of blepharitis are essential for symptom relief and complication prevention.
  • Close monitoring of patients receiving specific systemic treatments is crucial for early detection of ocular side effects.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of therapy-induced blepharitis is needed to develop targeted interventions.