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Exerkines, Nutrition, and Systemic Metabolism.

Bruce A Watkins1, Brenda J Smith2,3, Stella Lucia Volpe4

  • 1Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

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|February 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise and nutrition are key to health. Exercise releases signaling molecules called exerkines, which help the body manage energy and support brain function, integrating diet and physical activity for optimal metabolism.

Keywords:
endocannabinoidsexerkinesmetabolitesmetabolomicsneuroinflammationoxylipinssystemic metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Metabolic signaling
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Good health relies on exercise, proper food, and nutrition.
  • The human body's metabolism integrates physiologic processes across cells, tissues, organs, and systems.
  • Exerkines, signaling molecules released during exercise, are emerging as key mediators between nutrient supply and the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of exerkines in exercise metabolism and brain physiology.
  • To integrate exerkine actions with systemic metabolism during physical activity.
  • To explore the influence of diet and macronutrients on exercise-induced metabolic changes and exerkine function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on exerkines, metabolism, and exercise.
  • Analysis of existing research on signaling molecules like oxylipins, adiponectin, BDNF, lactate, ROS, and cytokines.
  • Examination of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their derivatives (endocannabinoids, oxylipins) as exerkines.

Main Results:

  • Exerkines are diverse compounds (e.g., 12,13-diHOME, adiponectin, BDNF, lactate, ROS, IL-6) released by muscle, adipose, and liver.
  • These molecules support energy needs, particularly for the brain, during and after exercise.
  • Evidence suggests PUFA derivatives like endocannabinoids and oxylipins function as exerkines.

Conclusions:

  • Exerkines play a crucial role in mediating the metabolic and physiological adaptations to exercise.
  • Understanding exerkine function provides insights into the interplay between diet, exercise, and systemic metabolism.
  • Further research into exerkines can enhance strategies for optimizing health and performance through nutrition and physical activity.