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From Spores to Solutions: A Comprehensive Narrative Review on Mucormycosis
Sara Palma Gullì1, Vinaykumar Hallur2, Pratibha Kale3
1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Abstract:
Mucormycosis is an infrequent but fatal illness that mainly affects patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, solid and hematologic neoplasms, organ transplantation, chronic steroid intake, prolonged neutropenia, iron overload states, neonatal prematurity, severe malnutrition, and HIV. Many cases were reported across the world recently following the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent research has led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, and global guidelines are now available for managing this serious infection. Herein, we comprehensively review the etiological agents, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of mucormycosis.
Insights
Mucormycosis is a rare but deadly fungal infection, often seen in immunocompromised individuals. This review covers its causes, symptoms, and the latest management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunocompromised Host
Background:
- Mucormycosis is a severe, life-threatening fungal infection.
- It disproportionately affects individuals with specific risk factors like uncontrolled diabetes, cancer, and organ transplant recipients.
- A recent surge in cases has been observed globally, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of mucormycosis.
- To detail the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations.
- To outline current diagnostic and management guidelines for this serious infection.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of etiological agents.
- Analysis of pathogenesis mechanisms.
- Synthesis of clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches.
- Review of global management guidelines.
Main Results:
- Identified key risk factors including diabetes mellitus, neoplasms, and immunosuppression.
- Highlighted the increasing global incidence post-COVID-19.
- Summarized current understanding of disease pathogenesis.
- Detailed clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria.
Conclusions:
- Mucormycosis remains a critical threat, especially in vulnerable populations.
- Improved understanding of pathogenesis aids in early diagnosis.
- Adherence to updated global guidelines is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.
