[The Posner-Schlossmann syndrome and allergy]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Allergology
• Immunology

Background:

• Posner Schlossmann Syndrome (glaucoma iridocyclitis) is characterized by recurrent acute unilateral attacks of elevated intraocular pressure, inflammation, and visual disturbances.
• The underlying etiology of Posner Schlossmann Syndrome remains incompletely understood, with various theories proposed including viral, autoimmune, and allergic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the potential role of allergic and infectious factors in the pathogenesis of Posner Schlossmann Syndrome.
• To evaluate the efficacy of specific desensitization in managing Posner Schlossmann Syndrome.

Main Methods:

• A systematic and comprehensive allergologic investigation was conducted in 13 patients diagnosed with Posner Schlossmann Syndrome.
• Immunity tests, including in vivo allergy testing and rhinomanometric allergen inhalation challenges, were performed.
• Focal infection screening was also undertaken.

Main Results:

• All 13 patients exhibited an atopic constitution.
• Positive responses to allergens (pneumallergens) and Streptococcus hemolyticus (indicating focal infection) were observed in immunity tests.
• Secondary syndromic reactions were present in almost all cases.

Conclusions:

• Atopy and focal infections, particularly with Streptococcus hemolyticus, are implicated in the development of Posner Schlossmann Syndrome.
• Carefully managed and supervised specific desensitization therapy can lead to a reduction in the frequency and eventual disappearance of attacks in early-detected cases.