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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Noise Stress Abrogates Structure-Specific Endonucleases within the Mammalian Inner Ear.

O'neil W Guthrie1

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Environmental noise exposure reduces key DNA repair proteins, xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XPG) and xeroderma pigmentosum group F (XPF), in the mammalian cochlea. This impairment affects inner ear function and may pose a genomic threat.

Keywords:
cochleaendonucleasenoise stresssensorineuraltreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Genomic integrity and DNA repair mechanisms.
  • Auditory neuroscience and inner ear function.

Background:

  • Nucleotide excision repair (NER) maintains genome integrity through specific endonucleases.
  • Xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XPG) and xeroderma pigmentosum group F (XPF) are crucial structure-specific endonucleases in NER.
  • The impact of environmental stressors on cochlear DNA repair is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of environmental noise on the expression of XPG and XPF in the mammalian cochlea.
  • To determine if noise-induced changes in endonuclease expression impact cochlear signal processing.

Main Methods:

  • Mammalian cochleae were exposed to ubiquitous background noise as an environmental stressor.
  • Gene expression levels of XPG and XPF were quantified in the cochlear neurosensory epithelium.
  • Nonlinear cochlear signal processing was analyzed as a functional outcome.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to stressful background noise significantly reduced the expression of both XPG and XPF.
  • These reductions in endonuclease expression were correlated with pathological nonlinear signal processing in the inner ear's receptor cells.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental noise exposure can abrogate the expression of critical DNA repair enzymes (XPG and XPF) in the cochlea.
  • Sound-induced limitations in these endonucleases may lead to impaired inner ear function and represent an overlooked genomic threat.