Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
11:29

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

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Molecular Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Development in the Precision Medicine Era: A Comprehensive Review

Shigekatsu Maekawa1, Ryo Takata1, Wataru Obara1

  • 1Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.

Cancers
|February 10, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is driven by androgen receptor (AR) activation. Understanding AR-related genes and pathways is crucial for developing new treatments against castration-resistant PCa.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) progression depends on androgen receptor (AR) activation.
  • Resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) can occur via AR abnormalities, leading to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC).
  • Genomic alterations in AR and related genes, alongside DNA repair, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways, are implicated in PCa development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the current state of prostate cancer research in genomics.
  • To explore emerging developments in epigenetic modifications and microRNAs for potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent large-scale next-generation sequencing analyses.
  • Analysis of research trends in epigenomics and microRNA studies related to PCa.
  • Examination of ongoing clinical trials for targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Genomic landscape of PCa reveals critical roles for AR and associated genes, as well as DNA repair, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways.
  • While epigenomics and microRNA research is expanding, clinical translation into effective therapies remains limited.
  • Targeted treatments for homologous recombination repair mutations and the PI3K/Akt pathway are becoming more accessible, with ongoing trials for immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic insights are fundamental to understanding prostate cancer progression and resistance mechanisms.
  • Future research directions include leveraging epigenetic modifications and microRNAs for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy show promise for improving outcomes in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Keywords:
cancer immunologydrug resistanceepigenomicsimmune checkpoint inhibitormutagenesisnext-generation sequencingnon-coding RNAspoly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitorsprostate cancersignal pathways

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