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The Anticancer Potential of Kaempferol: A Systematic Review Based on In Vitro Studies
Everton Freitas de Morais1, Lilianny Querino Rocha de Oliveira1, Hannah Gil de Farias Morais2
1Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil.
Abstract:
Given the heterogeneity of different malignant processes, planning cancer treatment is challenging. According to recent studies, natural products are likely to be effective in cancer prevention and treatment. Among bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, kaempferol (KMP) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This systematic review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of KMP on different types of solid malignant tumors. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were performed in EMBASE, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration Library, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. After the application of study criteria, 64 studies were included. In vitro experiments demonstrated that KMP exerts antitumor effects by controlling tumor cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, as well as by inhibiting angiogenesis. KMP was also able to inhibit important markers that regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to traditional drugs used in chemotherapy, including cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. This flavonoid is a promising therapeutic compound and its combination with current anticancer agents, including targeted drugs, may potentially produce more effective and predictable results.
Insights
Kaempferol (KMP), a natural flavonoid, shows significant anticancer properties by inhibiting tumor growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. It also enhances chemotherapy sensitivity, offering a promising therapeutic option for solid tumors.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Natural Products Chemistry
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cancer treatment faces challenges due to tumor heterogeneity.
- Natural products, particularly flavonoids, show promise in cancer prevention and treatment.
- Kaempferol (KMP) is a bioactive flavonoid with known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the therapeutic potential of kaempferol (KMP) against various solid malignant tumors.
- To consolidate evidence on KMP's mechanisms of action in cancer.
- To assess KMP's role in combination therapies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines across multiple databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, etc.).
- Inclusion of 64 studies based on predefined selection criteria.
- Analysis of in vitro data on KMP's effects on cancer cell behavior and molecular markers.
Main Results:
- In vitro studies show KMP controls tumor cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion.
- Kaempferol inhibits angiogenesis and key markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
- KMP enhances cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil.
Conclusions:
- Kaempferol (KMP) demonstrates significant antitumor effects through multiple molecular pathways.
- KMP is a promising therapeutic compound for solid tumors.
- Combining KMP with existing anticancer agents may improve treatment efficacy and predictability.
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