Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Muscles that Move the Forearm

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

SCIENTIFIC STANDARDS. Promoting an open research culture.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2015

Same author

Social science. Promoting transparency in social science research.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2014

Same author

Sex-dependent roles of prolactin and prolactin receptor in postoperative pain and hyperalgesia in mice.

Neuroscience·2013

Same author

Validation of a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of Vibrio vulnificus for use in the evaluation of postharvest strategies for handling of raw oysters.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2006

Same author

Herniation of the lung after video-assisted thoracic surgery.

The Annals of thoracic surgery·2001

Same author

A set of 840 mouse oocyte genes with well-matched human homologues.

Molecular human reproduction·2001

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

The sore wrist without a fracture.

Instructional Course Lectures

|January 1, 1985

Summary

Diagnosing wrist pain with normal X-rays requires a systematic approach. Identifying the cause can be challenging, even with thorough investigation, due to incomplete knowledge and diagnostic limitations.

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Diagnostic Medicine

Background:

Wrist pain is a common complaint.
Normal roentgenograms (X-rays) do not exclude significant underlying pathology.
A comprehensive differential diagnosis is essential for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a systematic approach for diagnosing wrist pain when initial roentgenograms are normal.
To outline likely causes and diagnostic strategies.
To emphasize the importance of correlating clinical findings with diagnostic tests.

Main Methods:

Review of potential causes for wrist pain.
Emphasis on a systematic diagnostic process.
Guidance on judicious use of diagnostic tests based on presumptive diagnosis.

More Related Videos

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Published on: April 5, 2024

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Published on: May 23, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Published on: April 5, 2024

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Published on: May 23, 2025

Main Results:

Many potential causes exist for wrist pain despite normal roentgenograms.
A structured diagnostic checklist can aid in identifying the cause.
Diagnostic test selection should be guided by clinical suspicion to manage costs.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis of wrist pain with normal roentgenograms is often complex.
Even exhaustive work-ups may not yield a definitive cause.
Further advancements in understanding wrist anatomy and diagnostic tools are needed.