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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
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An Optical Signal Simulator for the Characterization of Photoplethysmographic Devices.

Erika Pittella1, Orlandino Testa1, Luca Podestà2

  • 1Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A new optical simulator allows repeatable testing of photoplethysmographic (PPG) devices using online databases. This affordable tool enhances PPG device evaluation before clinical trials.

Keywords:
characterization of biomedical devicesmonitoring of vital signsoptical signal simulator

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Sensing Technologies

Background:

  • Photoplethysmographic (PPG) devices require standardized testing methods.
  • Existing methods may lack repeatability and access to diverse signal datasets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an optical simulator for PPG device performance assessment.
  • To enable comparative analysis of different PPG devices using standardized inputs.
  • To facilitate testing with real-world PPG signals from online databases.

Main Methods:

  • An electronic board with photodiodes and LEDs simulates body light reflection.
  • The simulator reproduces PPG signals from selected online databases.
  • A wearable PPG medical device (earbuds) was tested using the simulator.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated PPG device sensitivity across varying signal amplitudes (average and peak-to-peak).
  • Assessed the fidelity of PPG devices in tracking actual heart rate.
  • Demonstrated the simulator's capability to generate repeatable PPG signal inputs.

Conclusions:

  • The optical simulator offers an affordable, flexible, and reliable lab-based solution for PPG device testing.
  • Utilizing PPG databases with the simulator provides significant pre-clinical performance insights.
  • This approach aids in optimizing device development before extensive field trials.