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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

Published on: June 20, 2012

Phase-encoded fMRI tracks down brainstorms of natural language processing with subsecond precision.

Victoria Lai Cheng Lei^1,2, Teng Ieng Leong^1,2, Cheok Teng Leong^1,3

¹Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China.

Human Brain Mapping

|February 10, 2024

Summary

This study visualizes real-time brain information flow during language tasks using rapid phase-encoded functional MRI (fMRI). These "brainstorms" reveal traveling hemodynamic waves, offering new insights into neural processing dynamics.

Keywords:

brainstorms dual-stream models hemodynamic traveling waves information flows logistics models

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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

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Published on: June 20, 2012

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

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Published on: March 21, 2019

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Cognitive Neuroscience
Computational Linguistics

Background:

Existing neuroimaging struggles to capture the brain's complex, real-time information processing.
Noninvasive techniques lack the spatial and temporal resolution for whole-brain dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and apply a novel neuroimaging method for visualizing whole-brain information flow during natural language tasks.
To overcome limitations of traditional methods in capturing spatiotemporal neural dynamics.

Main Methods:

Developed rapid phase-encoded functional MRI (fMRI) designs.
Overcame scanner noise and head-motion artifacts during overt language tasks.
Captured hemodynamic traveling waves across the cortical surface.

Main Results:

Successfully visualized real-time information flow as coherent hemodynamic waves during listening, reading, reciting, and interpreting.
Observed timing, location, direction, and surge of traveling waves.
Provided direct evidence for dual-stream and logistics models of information processing.

Conclusions:

Rapid phase-encoded fMRI allows simultaneous high spatial and temporal resolution imaging of brain dynamics.
Spatiotemporal wave patterns offer insights into human information processing models.
This technique can track neural information flow in sequential cognitive processes.