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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method
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Soft wetting: Substrate softness- and time-dependent droplet/bubble adhesion.

Kaiyuan Chen1, Juan Li2, Chuanqi Wei3

  • 1School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|February 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Droplet and bubble adhesion on soft substrates depend on substrate softness and contact time. Adhesion forces can be lower or higher than on rigid surfaces due to altered spreading and retraction dynamics.

Keywords:
AdhesionBubbleContact lineDropletSoft wetting

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Surface science
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Droplet and bubble adhesion are influenced by the three-phase contact line length.
  • Wetting ridges on soft substrates, caused by interfacial tension, impede contact line movement.
  • Substrate softness is hypothesized to impact droplet/bubble adhesion characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of substrate softness on droplet and bubble adhesion.
  • To characterize the dynamics of droplet/bubble spreading and retraction on soft substrates.
  • To measure adhesion forces and analyze droplet/bubble shape profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and characterization of soft substrates with varying shear moduli.
  • Observation of water droplet and underwater bubble spreading/receding dynamics.
  • Direct measurement of snap-in and normal adhesion forces, coupled with shape profile visualization.

Main Results:

  • Snap-in force decreases with decreasing substrate shear modulus due to hindered contact line spreading.
  • Maximum adhesion force on soft substrates can be less or greater than on rigid substrates, depending on dwelling time.
  • Retarded spreading explains lower adhesion, while retarded retraction explains higher adhesion at longer dwelling times.

Conclusions:

  • Substrate softness significantly affects droplet/bubble adhesion dynamics.
  • Dwelling time plays a crucial role in determining adhesion forces on soft substrates.
  • Findings are relevant for applications involving soft materials and interfaces.