Paraffin waxes in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea: A comprehensive assessment in the Pelagos Sanctuary, a Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance

M Galli ¹, M Baini ², C Panti ²

⁰Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.

Journal of Hazardous Materials +

|

February 10, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

Paraffin wax pollution is a growing concern in marine ecosystems. This study identified hotspots in the Pelagos Sanctuary, highlighting the need for better monitoring and mitigation strategies to protect marine life.

Area Of Science

Marine pollution
Environmental chemistry
Ecosystem monitoring

Background

Paraffin waxes are recognized as emerging marine pollutants.
Their occurrence, sources, and distribution in marine ecosystems are poorly understood.
Recent monitoring programs have not adequately classified paraffin wax contamination.

Purpose Of The Study

To evaluate the presence and distribution of paraffin waxes in the Pelagos Sanctuary.
To characterize wax residues, identify accumulation areas, and determine pollution sources.
To provide insights into paraffin wax pollution for improved management.

Main Methods

Analysis of over 2500 paraffin wax residues found on the sea surface and beaches.
Characterization of wax particle size (predominantly <5 mm).
Identification of pollution hotspots and potential sources, such as shipping lanes.

Main Results

Paraffin wax residues were detected across various environmental compartments in the Pelagos Sanctuary.
The Genoa Canyon and waters near Gorgona Island were identified as significant accumulation hotspots.
High concentrations of beached paraffin wax particles were found along the Tuscan coast and Pianosa Island.

Conclusions

Paraffin wax pollution is a significant issue in the Pelagos Sanctuary, with specific hotspots identified.
There is a critical need for harmonized monitoring and detection methods for paraffin waxes.
Mitigation actions are essential to prevent and reduce paraffin wax pollution in marine environments.

Keywords:

Beach Marine litter Paraffin wax Sea surface Sea-based source Tank vessel