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Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Caregiver Distress and Its Contributors
Wenshan Li1, Douglas G Manuel2, Sarina R Isenberg3
1Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ICES uOttawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
|February 10, 2024
Summary
Disruptions to family life most increase caregiver distress, while positive experiences reduce it. Understanding these factors is key to developing effective caregiver support strategies.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Sociology
- Public Health
Background:
- Caregiver distress is a significant issue impacting many individuals.
- Identifying factors contributing to caregiver distress is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the direct and indirect associations between caregiver distress and its contributing factors.
- To develop and test a structural model of factors influencing caregiver distress.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from a national, cross-sectional survey of 6502 Canadian caregivers (2012 General Social Survey-Caregiving and Care-receiving).
- Employed exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to analyze hypothesized factors: caregiving burden, network/support, life disruptions, positive experiences, and history.
- Controlled for sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers and care-recipients.
Main Results:
- ESEM confirmed a well-fit model of caregiver distress and its five contributing factors.
- Disruptions to family and social life had the largest impact on distress (β = 0.462).
- Positive emotional experiences significantly reduced distress (β = -0.310), while caregiving burden also contributed (β = 0.162).
Conclusions:
- Caregiver distress is multifaceted, influenced by burden, support, life disruptions, and positive experiences.
- Minimizing disruptions to family life and enhancing positive caregiving aspects are vital for reducing distress.
- Policy and resource development should focus on flexible work, family support, education, and counseling for caregivers.
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