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Area of Science:

  • Ocean Acoustics
  • Underwater Signal Processing
  • Geophysical Exploration

Background:

  • Vertical Line Arrays (VLAs) are effective for underwater source localization in deep water.
  • Previous research primarily focused on sources within the direct arrival zone (DAZ) with VLAs near the seabed.
  • Limited studies address source localization at the edges of the DAZ, beyond the DAZ, or with VLAs at varying depths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel method for estimating near-surface source depths using VLAs.
  • To extend source localization capabilities to the far field and different VLA deployment depths.
  • To analyze strategies for improving depth resolution in challenging acoustic zones.

Main Methods:

  • A method matching measured time delays with modeled values for different source depths.
  • Utilizes a simple formula for calculating modeled time delays.
  • Applicable to acoustic zones with two surface-reflected paths and close arrival angles.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method effectively estimates source depth for near-surface sources.
  • Demonstrated suitability for VLAs deployed at various depths, not just near the ocean bottom.
  • Successfully applied to simulation and experimental data from airgun and explosive sources in the South China Sea.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enhances underwater source depth estimation accuracy and range.
  • Expands the applicability of VLA-based localization to previously challenging acoustic environments.
  • Provides a valuable tool for acoustic source localization in diverse oceanographic conditions.