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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Allergic Diseases in the Elderly.

Gabriele Di Lorenzo1, Marcello Melluso2, Alessandro Rodolico3

  • 1Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Translational Medicine @ Unisa
|February 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rising allergic diseases are linked to environmental factors affecting the host microbiota. In the elderly, immunosenescence and comorbidities exacerbate allergies by altering immune responses and promoting inflammation.

Keywords:
Allergic conjunctivitisAllergic rhinitisAsthmaElderlyImmunosenescenceSkin diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Gerontology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Allergic diseases are increasing globally, influenced by factors like hygiene, diet, pollution, and climate change impacting host microbiota.
  • The elderly population experiences a rise in allergic conditions due to comorbidities and age-related immune system changes (immunosenescence).
  • Host microbiota plays a critical role in immune regulation, tolerance, and responses to allergens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms behind immunosenescence and its specific effects on allergic inflammation in the elderly.
  • To understand how altered microbiota responses and inflammageing contribute to allergic diseases in older adults.
  • To investigate the shift in immune responses (Th1 to Th2) associated with aging and its impact on allergy development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on immunosenescence, microbiota, and allergic diseases.
  • Analysis of age-related changes in immune cell function and cytokine profiles.
  • Examination of the interplay between comorbidities, microbiota, and allergic responses in elderly populations.

Main Results:

  • Immunosenescence alters microbiota composition and function, contributing to 'inflammageing' and increased susceptibility to allergies.
  • A shift from Th1 to Th2 immune responses in the elderly favors allergic reactions.
  • Comorbidities in older adults can further complicate and exacerbate allergic manifestations.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding immunosenescence and its impact on microbiota and immune shifts is crucial for addressing allergic diseases in the elderly.
  • Targeting mechanisms of immunosenescence and microbiota modulation holds promise for developing novel allergy therapies for older adults.
  • Further research into the complex interactions between aging, immunity, microbiota, and environmental factors is warranted.