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Constructing a database of alien plants in the Himalaya to test patterns structuring diversity.

Suresh K Rana¹, Bhawana Dangwal¹, Gopal S Rawat²

¹G.B Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Almora Uttarakhand India.

Ecology and Evolution

|February 12, 2024

Summary

Himalayan alien plant richness is driven by introduction location and climate, not human disturbance. Invasive species are expanding from low-elevation sources.

Keywords:

Himalaya alien species climatic niche directional filtering elevational distribution seed plants species richness

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Botany
Biogeography

Background:

Alien plant species distributions are influenced by climate, human activity, and introduction pathways.
Understanding these factors is crucial for managing invasive species in diverse ecosystems like the Himalayas.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the drivers of alien plant species richness in the Himalayan region.
To compare alien and native species patterns within a phylogenetic framework.

Main Methods:

Compiled a comprehensive database of alien plant distributions across the Himalayas.
Analyzed richness patterns, phylogenetic clustering, and geographic/climatic affinities in Jammu & Kashmir and Bhutan.
Compared alien and native species richness and distribution patterns across elevational gradients.

Main Results:

Documented 1470 alien species, with ~600 naturalized, comprising 14% of Himalayan vascular plants.
Alien species richness declined with elevation, with high-elevation species being a subset of low-elevation flora, indicating introduction site importance.
Native and alien species richness positively correlated with elevation, suggesting climate and productivity as key factors.

Conclusions:

Alien plant richness in the Himalayas is primarily shaped by introduction location and climatic factors, not human disturbance or native species abundance.
Ongoing expansion of invasive alien species from low-elevation introduction points is occurring.