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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...

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Multipotent bone marrow cell-seeded polymeric composites drive long-term, definitive urinary bladder tissue

Matthew I Bury1, Natalie J Fuller1, Xinlong Wang2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

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|February 12, 2024
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Summary

This study presents a novel synthetic scaffold (PRS) combined with stem cells for bladder regeneration, offering a promising alternative to current surgical methods for urinary bladder dysfunction. The PRS scaffold demonstrated superior functional tissue regeneration and fewer complications in a baboon model.

Keywords:
autologous stem cellsbiomechanocompatible scaffoldregenerative engineeringurinary bladder

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Urology

Background:

  • End-stage urinary bladder dysfunction lacks effective translational solutions.
  • Current treatments like bladder augmentation enterocystoplasty (BAE) using intestinal segments have significant complications.
  • Previous tissue engineering attempts faced challenges in scaffold integration, cell utility, and animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel synthetic scaffold (poly(1,8-octamethylene-citrate-co-octanol) - PRS) combined with stem cells for functional bladder tissue regeneration.
  • To compare the efficacy of PRS/stem cell grafts against traditional ileum augmentation and a biological scaffold (small-intestinal submucosa - SIS) in a baboon model.
  • To assess long-term functional and histological outcomes of bladder augmentation.

Main Methods:

  • Partially cystectomized baboons underwent augmentation with autologous ileum, stem-cell-seeded SIS, or stem-cell-seeded PRS grafts.
  • Grafts were co-seeded with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
  • Functional and histological assessments were performed over a two-year period.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell synergism promoted functional trilayer bladder tissue regeneration and whole-graft neurovascularization in both SIS and PRS grafts.
  • PRS-augmented baboons exhibited fewer clinical complications and better tissue characteristics compared to ileum and SIS groups.
  • Two-year data confirmed robust bladder tissue regeneration driven by PRS/stem-cell grafts.

Conclusions:

  • The elastomeric, biomechanocompatible PRS scaffold, when co-seeded with stem cells, supports functional bladder tissue regeneration.
  • PRS/stem cell grafts represent a viable alternative to traditional bladder augmentation enterocystoplasty (BAE).
  • This approach shows potential for overcoming current limitations in tissue engineering for bladder repair.