Breaking the Binary: Restriction and reclamation of power among transgender and gender diverse young adults

Binary gender norms in the U.S. contribute to the systemic marginalization of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals. These norms shape beliefs and assumptions about a TGD young adults; they inform the policies that govern their rights, the settings they occupy, and research conducted about them. Experiences based on binary conceptions of gender may leave TGD young adults feeling disempowered and require they develop resilient strategies to maintain or reclaim power and control over their lives and decisions. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms through which young adults (ages 18 to 24) demonstrate resilience and resist oppressive gender norms. In collaboration with a TGD young adult advisory team, we used a participatory focus group method (Youth GO) to engage TGD participants in critically examining power and powerlessness in the context of their multiple identities and life experiences. Findings revealed distinct mechanisms of power that work to either restrict or restore TGD young adults' power over their identity and autonomy. Mechanisms operated differently as a function of age, race, gender identity, gender presentation, and socio-economic status. Findings point to concrete and actionable policy and practice interventions that would foster validation and inclusion of TGD young adults.