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Related Concept Videos

What are Membranes?01:24

What are Membranes?

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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
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Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

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The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections...
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
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Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane

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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Cell Membrane Repair Assay Using a Two-photon Laser Microscope
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Cell Membrane Repair Assay Using a Two-photon Laser Microscope

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Cell Membrane Perforation: Patterns, Mechanisms and Functions.

Xinran Zhu1, Zhifeng Shi2, Ying Mao2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Huashan Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cell membrane perforation, a technique for creating controlled pores, aids intracellular delivery and eliminates diseased cells. This review categorizes perforation methods and discusses their biomedical applications.

Keywords:
cell deathcell membrane perforationintracellular deliveryintracellular materials extraction

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High-throughput Measurement of Plasma Membrane Resealing Efficiency in Mammalian Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cell membrane integrity is vital for cellular function; disruptions are linked to programmed cell death (PCD) and pathogen infection.
  • Controlled cell membrane perforation offers precise manipulation of cellular processes.
  • This technique enables direct substance transport and targeted cell elimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review cell membrane perforation mechanisms, characterization, and functions.
  • To classify perforation patterns into physical, biological, and chemical categories.
  • To explore applications in intracellular delivery and cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of cell membrane perforation based on underlying mechanisms.
  • Introduction to methods for characterizing membrane pores.
  • Summary of pore functions, distinguishing between reversible and irreversible types.

Main Results:

  • Cell membrane perforation can be categorized into physical, biological, and chemical patterns.
  • Characterization methods are essential for understanding pore properties.
  • Pore characteristics (reversible/irreversible) dictate functional outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Cell membrane perforation is a versatile tool with significant biomedical potential.
  • Understanding perforation mechanisms and functions is key to developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • This review provides a foundation for future research in cell membrane engineering and applications.