TiO₂/Loofah-Halloysite Bio-Hybrid Composites as Efficient Systems for VOCs Removal

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), recognized as hazardous air contaminants, prompt the exploration of sustainable air purification methods. Solar photocatalytic oxidation emerges as a promising solution, utilizing semiconductor photocatalysts like titanium dioxide (TiO₂). However, the raw material crisis necessitates reduced TiO₂ usage, leading to investigations into TiO₂ modification techniques. The study introduces a novel approach by employing natural fibers, specifically loofah sponge, as a TiO₂ support. This method aims to maintain photocatalytic activity while minimizing TiO₂ content. The article explores using halloysite, a natural clay mineral, as a supportive material, enhancing mechanical strength and adsorption properties. The resulting TiO₂/loofah-halloysite composites are evaluated for their efficacy in gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of toluene and ethanol, chosen as representative VOCs. The conversion of toluene and ethanol on the composite was 88 % and 39 %, respectively, with high selectivity toward CO₂. In addition to its high performance, the bio-composite was stable for several conversion cycles, keeping the conversion activity unchanged. The study contributes to developing green hybrid materials for VOC removal, showcasing potential applications across industries.