Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

322
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
322
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

1.2K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.2K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

5.0K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
5.0K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.3K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.3K
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

377
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
377
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

13.6K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
13.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

IDENTIFICATION of NLP-5 and NLP-6 as potential ligands for the NPR-9 receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans.

General and comparative endocrinology·2025
Same author

Tolerance to a Diet of Toxic <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.

Toxins·2025
Same author

A Compilation of the Diverse miRNA Functions in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Development.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023
Same author

C. elegans vab-6 encodes a KIF3A kinesin and functions cell non-autonomously to regulate epidermal morphogenesis.

Developmental biology·2023
Same author

Characterizing Variants of Unknown Significance of the PTEN tumour suppressorHomolog DAF-18.

microPublication biology·2022
Same author

A Caenorhabditis elegans Nutritional-status Based Copper Aversion Assay.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2017
Same journal

The kisspeptin analog C6 elicits greater tachyphylaxis and transcriptional activation than kisspeptin-10 and -54.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology·2026
Same journal

G1 regulation of BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel leads to decreased migration of senescent pericytes and improved age-related hearing loss.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Maternal butyrate administration ameliorates fetal fatty liver and maternal metabolic alterations related to maternal obesity.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Retraction notice to " Steroid-induced oocyte maturation in Indian shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase but not MAP kinase activation" [Mol. Endocrinol. 390 (2014) 26-33].

Molecular and cellular endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Sulforaphane preserves hepatocellular metabolic regulation and organelle integrity in a model of diet-induced obesity.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Patient-derived eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal cells: characterization and development of immortalized lines.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Storage Dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
10:59

Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Storage Dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Published on: May 28, 2021

4.2K

C. elegans insulin-like peptides.

Rain Zhu1, Ian D Chin-Sang1

  • 1Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston ON Canada.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|February 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

C. elegans has 40 insulin-like peptides regulating key functions. Unlike humans, these worms have unique antagonistic peptides, offering insights into conserved insulin signaling pathways.

Keywords:
Antagonistic insulin-like peptidesC. elegansDauerILPINSInsulinInsulin-like peptidesLifespanTranscriptional regulation

More Related Videos

Investigating the Spreading and Toxicity of Prion-like Proteins Using the Metazoan Model Organism C. elegans
12:57

Investigating the Spreading and Toxicity of Prion-like Proteins Using the Metazoan Model Organism C. elegans

Published on: January 8, 2015

15.9K
Large-scale Gene Knockdown in C. elegans Using dsRNA Feeding Libraries to Generate Robust Loss-of-function Phenotypes
18:38

Large-scale Gene Knockdown in C. elegans Using dsRNA Feeding Libraries to Generate Robust Loss-of-function Phenotypes

Published on: September 25, 2013

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Storage Dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
10:59

Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Storage Dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Published on: May 28, 2021

4.2K
Investigating the Spreading and Toxicity of Prion-like Proteins Using the Metazoan Model Organism C. elegans
12:57

Investigating the Spreading and Toxicity of Prion-like Proteins Using the Metazoan Model Organism C. elegans

Published on: January 8, 2015

15.9K
Large-scale Gene Knockdown in C. elegans Using dsRNA Feeding Libraries to Generate Robust Loss-of-function Phenotypes
18:38

Large-scale Gene Knockdown in C. elegans Using dsRNA Feeding Libraries to Generate Robust Loss-of-function Phenotypes

Published on: September 25, 2013

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Insulin-like peptides (Ips) regulate metabolism and growth across species.
  • The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model organism offers insights into conserved insulin signaling pathways.
  • C. elegans possesses a unique set of 40 insulin-like peptide genes interacting with a single receptor, DAF-2.

Approach:

  • Review of existing literature on C. elegans insulin-like peptides.
  • Analysis of peptide structures, processing, tissue localization, and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Examination of the conserved insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway.

Key Points:

  • C. elegans has 40 insulin-like peptide genes but only one receptor (DAF-2).
  • Unlike human Ips (agonists), C. elegans Ips exhibit antagonistic properties.
  • The IIS pathway is conserved, making C. elegans a valuable model.

Conclusions:

  • C. elegans provides a unique model for studying insulin-like peptide function due to its antagonistic peptides.
  • Understanding C. elegans Ips sheds light on conserved mechanisms in growth, development, and longevity.
  • Further research in C. elegans can elucidate complex roles of insulin signaling in health and disease.