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Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

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During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
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Sperm Collection of Differential Quality Using Density Gradient Centrifugation
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Comparing different sperm concentrations for optimizing cooled semen use in the dog.

Nicole Sugai1, Stephen Werre2, Julie T Cecere1

  • 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|February 13, 2024
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Summary

Optimal canine semen concentration for shipping is 200 million sperm/ml. Lower concentrations (25-100 million sperm/ml) significantly reduce semen quality after 24-hour cooling, impacting motility and morphology.

Keywords:
caninechilledconcentrationmorphologyspermviability

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Reproduction
  • Canine Artificial Insemination
  • Semen Cryopreservation

Background:

  • Artificial insemination in dogs is increasingly utilized for genetic material dissemination.
  • Standardized sperm concentrations for cooled canine semen transport are lacking.
  • Current practices often involve arbitrary semen extension ratios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal sperm concentration for canine semen during 24-hour cooled storage.
  • To evaluate the impact of different sperm concentrations on semen quality parameters post-cooling.
  • To compare processing methods before and after cooled semen transport.

Main Methods:

  • Canine semen was collected and divided into groups with varying sperm concentrations (25-200 million/ml).
  • Semen aliquots underwent 24-hour cooling, followed by processing and re-extension.
  • Sperm concentration, plasma membrane integrity, motility (STM, CASA), and normal morphology were assessed at multiple time points.

Main Results:

  • Cooling significantly decreased motility and normal morphology across all groups.
  • Lower sperm concentrations (25-50 million/ml) showed significantly reduced plasma membrane integrity after cooling.
  • Post-cooling processing further diminished semen quality parameters, with lower concentrations faring worse.

Conclusions:

  • Cooling canine semen at a final concentration of 200 million sperm/ml or using a 1:3 vol:vol extension without centrifugation maintains the highest plasma membrane integrity.
  • Processing semen to higher concentrations at the collection facility is superior to post-cooling adjustments when volume is a concern.
  • These findings provide crucial guidance for optimizing canine semen preservation and transport protocols.