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Sensitization to textile dyes in Spain: Epidemiological situation (2019-2022)
Carlos Pelayo Hernández Fernández1, Leopoldo Borrego2, Ana María Giménez Arnau3
1Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Contact Dermatitis
|February 13, 2024
Summary
Textile dye mix (TDM) allergy is common in Spain, affecting 3.3% of patients. This allergy is often linked to para-phenylenediamine (PPD) sensitization and is a key indicator for disperse dye allergies.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Allergology
- Occupational Health
Background:
- The prevalence and clinical characteristics of textile dye mix (TDM) allergy in Spain were previously unknown.
- Understanding TDM sensitization is crucial for diagnosing and managing allergic contact dermatitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency and clinical features of TDM positivity in Spain.
- To investigate the co-positivity between TDM, para-phenylenediamine (PPD), and specific disperse dyes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of consecutive patients patch-tested with TDM from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC) between 2019 and 2022.
- Inclusion of patients tested with a textile dye series to assess specific dye reactions.
Main Results:
- 3.3% of 6128 analyzed patients tested positive to TDM, with 34% considered currently relevant sensitization.
- TDM positivity correlated with hairdressing/beautician occupations and dermatitis on the scalp, neck, trunk, arms, and forearms.
- 57% of TDM-positive patients also showed positivity to PPD. Disperse Orange 3 was the most frequent positive dye (16%).
Conclusions:
- Textile dye mix (TDM) allergy is prevalent in Spain and frequently associated with PPD sensitization.
- TDM serves as a significant marker for disperse dye allergy and warrants inclusion in standard patch test series in Spain and Europe.
