Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.5K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.5K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

14.5K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.5K
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

35.1K
Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
35.1K
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

18.9K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
18.9K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

147.0K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
147.0K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

17.5K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Population-level Variability in Genome-wide Repressive Histone Marks in a Fungal Wheat Pathogen.

Genome biology and evolution·2026
Same author

MycoMobilome: a community-focused non-redundant database of transposable element consensus sequences for the fungal kingdom.

NAR genomics and bioinformatics·2026
Same author

Massive proliferation of retrotransposons contributes to genome size expansion in species of the Pseudocercospora genus.

Mobile DNA·2026
Same author

Recurrent Chromosome Destabilization Through Repeat-Mediated Rearrangements in a Fungal Pathogen.

Genome biology and evolution·2026
Same author

Chromosome-scale Genome Assembly of the Most Abundant Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Cenococcum Geophilum Reveals Massive TE Expansion and RIP Defense Mechanism.

Genome biology and evolution·2026
Same author

A large European diversity panel reveals complex azole fungicide resistance gains of a major wheat pathogen.

mBio·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.4K

Population-level transposable element expression dynamics influence trait evolution in a fungal crop pathogen.

Leen Nanchira Abraham1, Ursula Oggenfuss1, Daniel Croll1

  • 1Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

Mbio
|February 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Transposable elements (TEs) in the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici generate significant genetic variation. This variation, driven by TE activity, influences traits like virulence and secondary metabolite production in wheat pathogens.

Keywords:
fungi Zymoseptoria triticigene expressionplant pathogenrapid adaptationtransposable elements

More Related Videos

Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions
11:42

Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions

Published on: September 30, 2016

14.5K
Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
07:32

Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: March 19, 2015

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.4K
Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions
11:42

Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions

Published on: September 30, 2016

14.5K
Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
07:32

Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: March 19, 2015

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Microbial genomics
  • Population genetics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Microbial adaptation relies on genetic variation, but its generation mechanisms are often unclear.
  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences capable of inducing mutations and influencing genome evolution.
  • Zymoseptoria tritici, a major fungal wheat pathogen, exhibits recent adaptation potentially linked to TE activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of transposable elements (TEs) in generating adaptive genetic variation in Zymoseptoria tritici.
  • To map genome-wide TE insertion polymorphisms and quantify TE transcription within a natural pathogen population.
  • To assess the impact of TE activity on gene expression and phenotypic traits, including virulence and secondary metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Deep population genomics and transcriptomics analyses of 146 Zymoseptoria tritici isolates.
  • Genome-wide mapping of recent TE insertion polymorphisms.
  • Quantification of locus-specific transcription of individual TE copies.
  • Association analysis between TE insertions and gene expression variation.

Main Results:

  • A genome-wide map of TE insertion polymorphisms was established, revealing considerable variation within the population.
  • Approximately 20% of TE copies were transcribed, indicating partial ineffectiveness of genomic defense mechanisms.
  • A quarter of recent TE insertions were associated with altered expression of neighboring genes.
  • TE insertions were linked to variation in Zymoseptoria tritici virulence and secondary metabolite production.

Conclusions:

  • TE-derived polymorphisms are prevalent even within single microbial populations and can drive rapid adaptation.
  • TE activity significantly contributes to phenotypic trait variation in Zymoseptoria tritici, impacting its pathogenicity.
  • Understanding TE dynamics is crucial for comprehending microbial evolution and adaptation strategies.