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Ameliorating microalgal OMEGA production using omics platforms.

Iqra Mariam1, Maurizio Bettiga2, Ulrika Rova1

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Microalgae are a key source of omega-3 fatty acids for health. Advanced

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Area of Science:

  • * Biotechnology and Algal Research
  • * Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • * Microalgae are increasingly recognized as a sustainable source of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, essential for human health.
  • * While bioprocess optimization has improved yields, the underlying genetic and metabolic mechanisms in high-producing strains are not fully understood.
  • * Limited knowledge of genetic architecture and metabolic pathways hinders further advancements in microalgal ω-3 production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review and synthesize findings from 'omics' studies on microalgal ω-3 fatty acid synthesis.
  • * To identify regulatory mechanisms and alternative pathways involved in ω-3 production.
  • * To highlight potential targets for enhancing ω-3 yields in microalgae.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive review of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies.
  • * Analysis of system-level insights into microalgal metabolism.
  • * Examination of genome-wide regulation in response to cultivation conditions.

Main Results:

  • * 'Omics' studies reveal alternative pathways for ω-3 fatty acid synthesis in microalgae.
  • * Insights into genome-wide regulation of ω-3 production under varying cultivation parameters.
  • * Identification of potential genetic and metabolic targets for yield enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • * An integrated 'omics' approach is crucial for understanding and optimizing microalgal ω-3 production.
  • * Leveraging multi-omics data can overcome current bottlenecks in microalgal biotechnology.
  • * Further research into genetic targets and metabolic fine-tuning is needed to maximize ω-3 yields.