Genetic literacy among primary care physicians in a resource-constrained setting

Area of Science:

• Medical Genetics
• Genomic Medicine
• Primary Health Care

Background:

• Genetic literacy is vital for primary healthcare providers due to advances in genetic and genomic medicine.
• Limited data exists on genetic literacy in resource-constrained Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries.
• Lebanon faces a high burden of genetic disorders, exacerbated by consanguinity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess genetic literacy, knowledge, and practices among primary care providers in Lebanon.
• To identify educational needs and propose continuing education programs.
• To provide a model for other resource-constrained MENA countries.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires was conducted among 123 physicians in Family Medicine, OB/GYN, and Pediatrics.
• The questionnaire covered demographics, familiarity with genetic tests, self-reported and actual knowledge, genetic practices, and educational needs.
• Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, paired t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.

Main Results:

• Only 6% of physicians demonstrated adequate genetic knowledge, contrasting with 38% who perceived their knowledge as good.
• Physicians in academic and urban settings showed better knowledge scores (p<0.05).
• One-third of physicians never ordered genetic tests, primarily due to insufficient knowledge; 98% expressed willingness to attend continuing professional development.

Conclusions:

• Significant gaps in genetic literacy exist among Lebanese primary care providers, necessitating targeted interventions.
• Continuing professional development in genetics should focus on non-academic and remote areas, serving as a model for the MENA region.
• Genetic specialists can play a key role in implementing effective, evidence-based genetics education programs.