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Systemic neurophysiological signals of auditory predictive coding.

Manuel Muñoz-Caracuel1,2, Vanesa Muñoz1, Francisco J Ruiz-Martínez1

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Our brain uses predictive coding to anticipate environmental changes. This study reveals shared automatic predictive processes and distinct neural resource allocation between passive and active auditory tasks, highlighting the brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Predictive coding theory explains how the brain anticipates and updates environmental models to minimize prediction errors.
  • The specific neurophysiological mechanisms underlying predictive coding remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending brain adaptation and information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the systemic neurophysiological correlates of predictive coding during passive and active auditory processing.
  • To differentiate neural mechanisms underlying automatic versus consciously controlled predictive functions.
  • To explore how the brain reallocates neural resources based on contextual demands.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and autonomic nervous system (ANS) measures.
  • Employed an auditory pattern-based novelty oddball paradigm with 32 healthy participants.
  • Analyzed evoked potentials, cortical hemodynamic activity, and ANS responses.

Main Results:

  • Identified shared slow evoked potentials in passive and active conditions, suggesting automatic predictive processes.
  • Observed distinct cortical hemodynamic topographies and evoked potentials for pattern violations between conditions.
  • Found that only conscious perception with imperative responses elicited phasic ANS activity.

Conclusions:

  • Predictive coding involves automatic anticipation and updating, independent of conscious attention.
  • Neural resources are hierarchically reallocated based on sensory stimulation and contextual demands.
  • Systemic neurophysiological measures reveal distinct pathways for automatic and conscious predictive processing.