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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Evaluation of Muscle Function of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Ex vivo and Tibialis Anterior Muscle In situ in Mice
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Variations in the Extensor Pollicis Brevis-Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon Complex.

Reiji Nishimura1, Tohru Hashimoto2, Tohru Yano2

  • 1Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN.

Cureus
|February 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendon shows significant anatomical variation, challenging current classification systems. This diversity may reflect ongoing evolutionary processes in human anatomy.

Keywords:
anomalydevelopmentevolutionextensor pollicis brevisextensor pollicis longusmuscle-tendon module

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Human Morphology

Background:

  • The classification of extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendon insertions lacks standardization, hindering clear understanding.
  • Existing reports show diverse tendon patterning, often attributed to developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meticulously assess the anatomical variations in the running of EPB tendons.
  • To critically evaluate the existing classification methods for EPB tendon insertions.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of 44 cadaver hands (15 female, 7 male, average age 86 years).
  • Specimens were fixed in ethanol/formalin for detailed anatomical analysis.
  • Focus on the proportion and fiber arrangement within EPB tendon insertions.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed significant diversity in the running patterns of EPB tendons.
  • Observed substantial variations in fiber proportion and orientation at EPB tendon insertions.
  • Found existing classification methods inadequate due to observed variations.

Conclusions:

  • The high variability in EPB tendon anatomy suggests a unique developmental pathway and potential ongoing evolution.
  • Clinical practice must account for the wide range of EPB tendon variations.
  • The EPB muscle-tendon unit may be undergoing evolutionary adaptation.