Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

6.9K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
6.9K
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

5.2K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
5.2K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.3K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.3K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.3K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
5.3K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.2K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.2K
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

7.4K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
7.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

EpiATLAS - a reference for human epigenomic research.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Rotational trophoblast organoids reveal biomechanical regulation of trophoblast differentiation.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Turning sound and force into light with AlN:Mn<sup>2+</sup> mechanoluminescence.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Effect of different liposomal bupivacaine concentrations in ultrasound-guided superior trunk block on postoperative analgesia and mobility: a randomized double-blind controlled trial protocol for shoulder arthroscopy.

Annals of medicine·2026
Same author

Development of a robust method to derive human trophoblast stem cells from late-gestation placentas and its application to preeclampsia.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

The SPN-4 Rbfox RNA-binding protein selects maternal mRNAs for CCR4-NOT-dependent clearance in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary White and Brown Preadipocytes from Newborn Mice
09:00

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary White and Brown Preadipocytes from Newborn Mice

Published on: January 25, 2021

11.5K

Polycomb Repressive Complex 1.1 Component, BCOR, Promotes Syncytiotrophoblast Differentiation in Mice and Humans.

Danielle Sadowski, Connie M Corcoran, Riyan Abdi

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |February 14, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    BCOR, a key epigenetic regulator, is crucial for proper human placenta development. Loss of BCOR impairs trophoblast differentiation, potentially explaining pregnancy complications like fetal growth restriction and miscarriage.

    More Related Videos

    Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program
    11:00

    Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

    Published on: December 16, 2016

    7.2K
    HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
    10:10

    HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

    Published on: March 31, 2019

    8.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 3, 2025

    Isolation and Differentiation of Primary White and Brown Preadipocytes from Newborn Mice
    09:00

    Isolation and Differentiation of Primary White and Brown Preadipocytes from Newborn Mice

    Published on: January 25, 2021

    11.5K
    Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program
    11:00

    Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

    Published on: December 16, 2016

    7.2K
    HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
    10:10

    HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

    Published on: March 31, 2019

    8.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Epigenetics
    • Human Placental Development

    Background:

    • Defects in early placenta development are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage and fetal growth abnormalities.
    • BCOR (B koht like protein) is a component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1.1 (PRC1.1), involved in epigenetic silencing.
    • Previous mouse studies showed that loss of BCOR impacts placental labyrinth and trophoblast populations.

    Approach:

    • Utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to create BCOR knockout human trophoblast stem cells (CT29 and CT30).
    • Employed RNA-sequencing and ChIP-sequencing in mouse models to identify BCOR's gene targets and expression changes.
    • Investigated BCOR's role in human trophoblast differentiation using 3D cell culture, CUT&RUN, and single-cell profiling.

    Key Points:

    • BCOR is essential for downregulating stem cell genes and repressing alternative lineage factors during trophoblast differentiation.
    • BCOR directly binds to and regulates key developmental genes, including Pdgfa and Wnt7b.
    • Human BCOR mutations are associated with X-linked syndromes and recurrent miscarriages, highlighting its clinical relevance.

    Conclusions:

    • BCOR acts as a conserved regulator of trophoblast development, maintaining lineage fidelity.
    • Loss of BCOR function in human trophoblast stem cells leads to impaired differentiation into syncytiotrophoblasts.
    • These findings underscore BCOR's critical role in ensuring healthy placental formation and preventing pregnancy complications.