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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
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Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
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Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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Sinus Node Dysfunction and Pulmonary Hypertension-"Double Trouble" with Lithium Therapy.

Shweta Vohra1, Akshyaya Pradhan1, Rishi Sethi1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc
|February 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium, a key treatment for bipolar disorder, can cause adverse drug reactions even within therapeutic ranges. This case highlights potential cardiac side effects like tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome, emphasizing careful patient monitoring.

Keywords:
ECGadverse drug reactionbipolar disorderlithiumpulmonary hypertensionsinus node dysfunctiontachy-brady syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Lithium is a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, known for its efficacy but also potential toxicity.
  • Adverse drug reactions to lithium can occur even at therapeutic levels due to its narrow therapeutic index.

Observation:

  • A 56-year-old woman with no prior cardiac history developed tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome and moderate pulmonary hypertension.
  • These symptoms emerged during lithium therapy for bipolar disorder.

Findings:

  • The patient's heart rhythm normalized to sinus rhythm after lithium cessation for one week.
  • Pulmonary artery pressure remained unchanged ten days after discontinuing lithium.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of monitoring for cardiac adverse effects in patients treated with lithium, even in the absence of pre-existing conditions.
  • Further research may be needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms linking lithium to cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension.