Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

359
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
359
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

68
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
68
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

37
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
37
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

346
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
346
Biological Influences on Intelligence01:30

Biological Influences on Intelligence

101
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
101
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

333
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
333

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ADHD and intelligence polygenic scores associations with developmental dimensions in children with attention, learning and memory difficulties.

European child & adolescent psychiatry·2026
Same author

Mapping developmental transitions in mental health from mid- to late-adolescence: Concurrent and longitudinal links to cognition.

JCPP advances·2026
Same author

A qualitative exploration of the potential benefits of Nature-based Approaches for staff and Children and Young People in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services.

PLOS mental health·2026
Same author

Neurodevelopmental and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescence of Children with Early Diagnoses of ADHD, Autism, Dyscalculia and Dyslexia.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology·2025
Same author

Associations Between ADHD Symptom Dimensions and Cognition in Children With ADHD and Learning Difficulties.

Journal of attention disorders·2025
Same author

A common neural signature between genetic and environmental risk for mental illness.

Translational psychiatry·2025
Same journal

The cognitive construction of moral scenes: Associations of visuospatial ability and impulsivity with perspective and vividness in mental simulation.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Theta band activity during event-file retrieval is influenced by stimulus salience in the preceding action episode.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Language recovery in Hungarian speakers with aphasia: Roles of phonology and intraindividual variability.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Neural and behavioral dissociations of self-focused and other-focused incentives in trust.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

A multiverse analysis of the logical memory test and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Reading and writing impairments in Spanish-speaking individuals with primary progressive aphasia: A single-case series study.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.2K

Mapping neurodevelopmental diversity in executive function.

Silvana Mareva1, 2, Joni Holmes3

  • 1MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Psychology Department, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|February 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified three distinct executive function profiles in neurodivergent children, revealing that assessment types matter. These profiles correlate with academic and mental health outcomes, independent of specific diagnoses.

Keywords:
Executive functionNeurodevelopmentNeurodiversity

More Related Videos

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.1K
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.2K
Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.1K
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) is crucial for goal-directed behavior and is implicated in neurodevelopmental conditions.
  • Existing research on EF profiles in neurodivergent populations shows mixed results regarding associations with specific conditions.
  • Understanding EF variations is key to addressing diverse needs in neurodevelopmental differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify data-driven executive function profiles in a transdiagnostic sample of neurodivergent children using unsupervised machine learning.
  • To examine the relationship between identified EF profiles, academic achievement, mental health, and neural white matter organization.
  • To determine if EF profiles are associated with diagnostic categories or specific neurodevelopmental dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Employed self-organising maps and k-means clustering on data from 566 neurodivergent children (aged 8-18).
  • Utilized both performance-based tasks (state-like efficiency) and behavior ratings (trait-like application) to assess executive function.
  • Analyzed associations with academic achievement, mental health, and neural white matter organization, comparing with a neurotypical group.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct executive function profiles: consistent difficulties, predominantly rating-based difficulties, and predominantly task-based difficulties.
  • Inconsistent EF profiles were more common in girls and children without formal diagnoses.
  • Different EF profiles were linked to variations in academic achievement, mental health, and distinct patterns of white matter organization.

Conclusions:

  • Executive function profiles are not directly tied to diagnostic categories, suggesting a transdiagnostic approach is valuable.
  • Performance-based and behavior rating assessments capture non-redundant information about executive function in neurodivergent children.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering distinct EF profiles for understanding outcomes and guiding interventions in neurodevelopmental differences.