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Related Concept Videos

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

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Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...
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Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
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Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

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Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...
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Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

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Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Machine learning approaches in predicting allosteric sites.

Francho Nerín-Fonz1, Zoe Cournia1

  • 1Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, Athens 11527, Greece; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|February 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers machine learning models for predicting allosteric sites, crucial for drug discovery. Future AI advancements, including protein language models, promise enhanced allosteric modulator development.

Keywords:
AllosteryDrug designMachine learningProtein binding sites

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Allosteric regulation controls cellular processes through modulators binding to distal protein sites.
  • Allosteric modulators offer advantages over orthosteric ones, driving computational drug discovery efforts.
  • Identifying allosteric sites is key for developing novel therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing machine learning (ML) models for predicting allosteric sites.
  • To discuss the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing allosteric drug discovery.
  • To highlight future perspectives, including the role of protein language models.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of computational approaches for allosteric site identification.
  • Analysis of machine learning model applications in predicting allosteric binding sites.
  • Exploration of emerging AI technologies relevant to allosteric modulation.

Main Results:

  • Several ML models have been developed for predicting allosteric sites.
  • These models leverage computational strategies to identify potential drug targets.
  • The review synthesizes current methodologies and their successes.

Conclusions:

  • Machine learning models are valuable tools for allosteric site prediction.
  • Artificial intelligence, particularly protein language models, offers promising future directions.
  • Advancements in computational methods will accelerate allosteric drug discovery.