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Related Concept Videos

Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
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Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

458
Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

3.0K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
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Computational models as catalysts for investigating redoxin systems.

Ché S Pillay1, Johann M Rohwer2

  • 1School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa.

Essays in Biochemistry
|February 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Computational models reveal system-level effects in thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, and peroxiredoxin systems, clarifying redoxin activity. This approach accelerates the analysis of cellular redox regulation and networks in disease.

Keywords:
glutaredoxinperoxiredoxinssystems biologythiolsthioredoxin

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, and peroxiredoxin systems are crucial for cellular redox regulation, signaling, and metabolism.
  • Reducing equivalents from NAD(P)H are transferred to redoxins, which then reduce various cellular targets.
  • The precise characterization of redoxin activity has been ambiguous, with differing views on whether redoxins function as enzymes or metabolites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the role of system-level effects versus individual redoxin properties in cellular redox processes.
  • To establish computational modeling as a complementary tool for analyzing redoxin networks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of all reactions within cellular redoxin systems using computational models.
  • Development of models for cellular redoxin networks to estimate intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels and analyze redox signaling.

Main Results:

  • Computational models demonstrated that many attributed redoxin kinetic properties arise from system-level effects, not just individual redoxin characteristics.
  • Models successfully integrated omic and kinetic data to understand redoxin network regulation in disease contexts.
  • Cellular redoxin network models facilitated estimations of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and analysis of redox signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Computational modeling provides a powerful, integrated quantitative framework for studying redoxin systems.
  • This approach complements traditional enzyme kinetic and cellular assays, accelerating research in redox biology and disease.
  • System-level analysis is essential for accurately understanding redoxin function and network dynamics.