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Seat belt use and cardiac arrest immediately after motor vehicle collision: Nationwide observational study
Yeongho Choi1,2,3, Jeong Ho Park2,3,4, Young Sun Ro2,3,4
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, South Korea.
Objective:
Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are known to cause traumatic cardiac arrest; it is unclear whether seat belts prevent this. This study aimed to evaluate the association between seat belt use and immediate cardiac arrest in cases of MVCs.
Method:
This cross-sectional observational study used data from a nationwide EMS-based severe trauma registry in South Korea. The sample comprised adult patients with EMS-assessed severe trauma due to MVCs between 2018 and 2019. The primary, secondary, and tertiary outcomes were immediate cardiac arrest, in-hospital mortality, and death or severe disability, respectively. We calculated the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of immediate cardiac arrest with seat belt use after adjusting for potential confounders.
Results:
Among the 8178 eligible patients, 6314 (77.2 %) and 1864 (29.5 %) were wearing and not wearing seat belts, respectively. Immediate cardiac arrest, mortality, and death/severe disability rates were higher in the "no seat belt use" group than in the "seat belt use" group (9.4 % vs. 4.0 %, 12.4 % vs. 6.2 %, 17.7 % vs. 9.9 %, respectively; p < 0.001). The former group was more likely to experience immediate cardiac arrest (AOR [95 %CI]: 3.29 [2.65-4.08]), in-hospital mortality (AOR [95 %CI]: 2.72 [2.26-3.27]), and death or severe disability (AOR [95 %CI]: 2.40 [2.05-2.80]).
Conclusion:
There was an association between wearing seat belts during MVCs and a reduced risk of immediate cardiac arrest.
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