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Pakistani Ankylosing Spondylitis Cohort with modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (PAS-CVD) study
Abrar Ahmed Wagan1, Paras Surahyo2
1Abrar Ahmed Wagan, MBBS, FCPS, FACR Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Indus Medical College, Tando Mohammad Khan, Pakistan.
Insights
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients show a high prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors like obesity and high triglycerides. Early management is crucial for preventing cardiovascular events in this population.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease.
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant concern in AS patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in a Pakistani cohort with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS).
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 AS patients.
- Data collected included demographics, blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar.
- The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was calculated to categorize cardiovascular risk.
Main Results:
- High prevalence of modifiable risk factors: obesity (75.6%), high triglycerides (62.6%), high FRS score (40.5%), high LDL (38.1%), low HDL (34.4%), hypertension (30.5%), diabetes mellitus (26.7%), high cholesterol (17.6%), and smoking (16%).
- Increased disease duration in AS was associated with a higher risk of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
- Chronic AS is associated with a high prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.
- Early recognition and effective management of these risk factors are essential for preventing future cardiovascular events in AS patients.
Objective:
To determine the frequency of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in the Pakistani cohort with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS).
Method:
After IRB approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted among patients of AS, at the Department of Rheumatology Indus Medical College, Tando Mohammad Khan, from 15th March to 15th September, 2022. After obtaining demographic data, other parameters such as blood pressure (BP) and body mass index were recorded. In addition, a 5 ml blood sample was collected to assess their serum lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar levels. Using the laboratory data, the Framingham cardiovascular risk score was calculated for each patient and they were categorized into low, intermediate, or high-risk categories.
Results:
Total 131 cases of ankylosing spondylitis: frequency of modifiable risk factors were: obesity (75.6%), high TG level (62.6%), high risk FRS score (40.5%), high LDL level (38.1%), low HDL (34.4%), hypertension (30.5%), diabetes mellitus (26.7%), high cholesterol level (17.6%), smoking (16%). In univariate analysis AS cases shows that increasing disease duration was associated with more risk of modifiable risk factors (p<0.05), on multivariate analysis, a positive association of age, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, DMARDS, herbal medication-but not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion:
In chronic AS there's higher prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, earlier recognition and effective management helps in prevention of future cardiovascular events.
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