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Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

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Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries. Structurally, it can be divided into four main parts: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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The vascular system, an integral part of the circulatory system, comprises various blood vessels that play crucial roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. These blood vessels form a complex and efficient circulatory network. The three primary categories of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
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Updated: May 2, 2026

Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus
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Shaggy aorta-An autopsy analysis.

Pranita Zare1, Pradeep Vaideeswar1

  • 1Department of Pathology (Cardiovascular and Thoracic Division), Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|February 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Shaggy aorta, a severe form of atherosclerosis, is more common than previously thought, particularly in older males with cardiovascular risks. Autopsy findings highlight its prevalence and potential for complications, even in asymptomatic individuals.

Keywords:
Aortaatherosclerosisshaggy aortashaggy aorta syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Pathology
  • Atherosclerosis Research

Background:

  • Shaggy aorta is characterized by extensive atheromatous disease with diffuse ulcers and debris, often leading to embolization.
  • Existing studies primarily focus on clinical and radiological aspects, with limited pathological assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an autopsy-based analysis of shaggy aorta to elucidate its pathological features.
  • To correlate aortic segment involvement with clinical and autopsy findings.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective autopsy study of shaggy aorta cases over 15 years.
  • Analysis of aortic segment involvement, clinical manifestations, and associated cardiac/extra-cardiac findings.
  • Mortality categorization based on relation to shaggy aorta, cardiac diseases, or other causes.

Main Results:

  • 76 cases of shaggy aorta identified over 15 years, predominantly affecting males (85.5%) in their sixth decade (mean age 64.5 years).
  • Common associated risk factors included hypertension, tobacco use, and diabetes mellitus.
  • The entire aorta or arch + descending aorta were most frequently involved (39.5% and 35.5%). Only 48.7% of patients presented clinically.

Conclusions:

  • Shaggy aorta may be more prevalent than anticipated.
  • Consideration of shaggy aorta is crucial even in asymptomatic elderly patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Aorto-arterial manipulations and anticoagulant therapy can be detrimental in patients with shaggy aorta.