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Infant Intensive Care Unit: Is it Time to Change?

Mehrnaz Olfat1,2,3, Rayeheh Hosseinzadeh4, Meisam Sharifzadeh1,2

  • 1Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|February 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Establishing a specialized Infant Intensive Care Unit (InICU) significantly reduced infant mortality rates compared to general Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). This specialized care model shows promise for improving outcomes in critically ill infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
  • Neonatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Critically ill infants require specialized care.
  • The establishment of an Infant Intensive Care Unit (InICU) in 2016 aimed to address this need.
  • Comparing InICU outcomes with existing Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) is crucial for evaluating its effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a dedicated Infant Intensive Care Unit (InICU) on infant mortality.
  • To compare mortality rates between the InICU and general Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study design.
  • Two groups of expired patients (1 month to 2 years) were compared: those admitted to PICU before InICU establishment and age-matched patients admitted to InICU.
  • Data collected via questionnaire, including demographics, diagnoses, and length of stay.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in age, sex, underlying diseases, cause of admission, time of death, or length of stay between groups.
  • The InICU group had a significantly lower mortality incidence (6.37 per 1000 person-months) compared to the PICU group (10.66 per 1000 person-months).
  • The relative risk of mortality was 1.67 times higher in the PICU group compared to the InICU group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • The establishment of an age-specific Infant Intensive Care Unit (InICU) is associated with reduced infant mortality.
  • Specialized care in an InICU may be beneficial for critically ill infants.
  • Findings support the development of dedicated infant intensive care services.
Abstract

Keywords:
InfantIntensive care unitMortalityPediatric

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