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Complement anaphylatoxins activity in middle ear effusion.

T Harada, S Ogino, Y Suzawa

    Auris, Nasus, Larynx
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found high levels of complement fragments C3a and C5a in middle ear fluid, suggesting a significant inflammatory response in otitis media with effusion. These anaphylatoxins may be key factors in the condition's development.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Otolaryngology
    • Pathophysiology

    Background:

    • Otitis media with effusion (OME) pathogenesis remains unclear despite extensive research.
    • OME is prevalent in children, leading to hearing loss and prolonged treatment burdens.
    • Understanding OME's inflammatory mechanisms is crucial for effective intervention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of complement system fragments, specifically C3a and C5a, in the inflammatory process of OME.
    • To quantify C3a and C5a levels in middle ear effusions of OME patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of C3a and C5a concentrations in middle ear fluid samples from 14 OME patients (5 children, 9 adults).
    • Analysis of tympanic membrane findings, tympanometry, and middle ear fluid properties.

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  • Serum analysis of inflammatory markers (CRP, globulins) and complement components (C3, C4, C3a, C5a, CH50).

    • Main Results:

    • Extremely elevated levels of C3a and C5a were detected in middle ear fluids.
    • Average C3a levels were 9,293 ng/ml (range: 5,800–18,000 ng/ml).
    • Average C5a levels were 55 ng/ml (range: 20–86 ng/ml).
    • Serum inflammatory markers and complement levels were within normal ranges.
    • No significant differences in C3a/C5a levels were observed between pediatric and adult cases.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings indicate a highly active inflammatory response within the middle ear in OME.
    • Anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a likely play a significant role as delayed inflammatory mediators in OME.
    • Further research into complement-mediated inflammation could reveal new therapeutic targets for OME.