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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
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In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

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Telomerase misbehaves after a breakup.

Nausica Arnoult1, Thomas R Cech2

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 15, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Suppressing telomerase at broken DNA prevents further damage and maintains genome stability. This finding is crucial for understanding DNA repair mechanisms and preventing genomic instability.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Telomerase is a key enzyme responsible for maintaining telomere length.
  • Uncontrolled telomerase activity can lead to genomic instability.
  • DNA breaks are critical lesions that must be repaired accurately.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of telomerase in DNA break repair.
  • To determine if suppressing telomerase activity at DNA breaks impacts genome integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CRISPR-Cas9 to induce targeted DNA double-strand breaks.
  • Employing telomerase inhibitors to block enzyme activity at break sites.
  • Assessed DNA repair foci and chromosomal aberrations using microscopy and molecular assays.

Main Results:

  • Telomerase recruitment to DNA breaks was observed.
  • Inhibition of telomerase at break sites significantly reduced aberrant DNA repair.
  • Suppression of telomerase activity preserved chromosomal integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Telomerase activity at broken DNA sites can lead to detrimental outcomes.
  • Targeting telomerase at DNA breaks is a viable strategy to maintain genome stability.
  • This research offers new insights into the complex interplay between telomere maintenance and DNA repair.