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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Superionic lithium transport via multiple coordination environments defined by two-anion packing.

Guopeng Han1, Andrij Vasylenko1, Luke M Daniels1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel superionic lithium ion conductor, Li7Si2S7I, by utilizing diverse anion coordination. This material enables fast cation transport through multiple lithium ion environments, expanding possibilities for energy storage materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state ionics
  • Materials science
  • Energy storage

Background:

  • Fast cation transport in solids is crucial for energy storage applications.
  • Current materials design often limits exploration to specific structural motifs, restricting chemical space.
  • Binary intermetallics offer greater structural diversity than elemental metals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel pathways for three-dimensional superionic lithium ion conductivity.
  • To leverage diverse cation coordination environments for enhanced ion transport.
  • To design materials beyond traditional structural limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a novel compound, lithium silicon sulfide iodide (Li7Si2S7I), using two distinct anions (sulfide and iodide).
  • Investigated the crystal structure, revealing a combined hexagonal and cubic close-packing analog.
  • Analyzed the resulting network of lithium positions and their coordination chemistries.

Main Results:

  • Li7Si2S7I was identified as a pure lithium ion conductor.
  • The material exhibits a diverse network of lithium sites with varied geometries and anion coordination.
  • These diverse environments facilitate low energy barriers for ion transport.

Conclusions:

  • The designed material demonstrates high cation conductivity by exploiting multiple coordination environments.
  • This approach opens a vast structural space for developing advanced solid electrolytes.
  • The findings pave the way for next-generation lithium-ion battery technologies.