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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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    We found a quantum phase transition in a coupled-resonator array (CRA) with a two-level quantum emitter (2LE). This transition alters discrete energy levels and affects photon behavior in bound states.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Condensed matter physics
    • Photonic systems

    Background:

    • Coupled-resonator arrays (CRAs) are crucial for controlling light-matter interactions.
    • Two-level quantum emitters (2LEs) coupled to resonators exhibit unique quantum phenomena.
    • Understanding bound states is key to designing quantum devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the quantum phase transition in a 1D CRA with a 2LE.
    • Analyze the energy spectrum and photon probability distribution of bound states.
    • Characterize the emission process of the 2LE into the CRA vacuum.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of a 1D CRA coupled to a 2LE.
    • Analysis of the energy spectrum and wave functions.
    • Study of photon probability distributions and emission dynamics.

    Main Results:

    • A quantum phase transition was identified, marked by a change in out-of-band discrete levels.
    • Conditions for this quantum phase transition were determined.
    • Asymmetric photon wave functions and preferred emission directions were observed for unequal coupling strengths.
    • Atom-photon bound states manifest as stationary oscillations or non-vanishing constants.

    Conclusions:

    • The study reveals a novel quantum phase transition in a 2LE-CRA system.
    • Coupling asymmetry dictates photon wave function behavior and emission direction.
    • Atom-photon bound states offer signatures for detecting quantum phenomena in CRAs.